maandag 27 februari 2012

water,Sanitation and Hygiene

Water is what every one needs so it is generally every important in our lives. There are many countries in Africa with a rich supply of water. For example Uganda has plenty of fresh water rivers,lakes,wells,springs the list is long.

But the problem is the water supply are not hygienic and most families are advised to boil the water before drinking. Some are struggling that they fail to have means to boil the water!! It is a bitter statement but it is certainly the truth.

Cause:-

Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that most commonly are transmitted in contaminated fresh water. Infection commonly results during bathing, washing, drinking, in the preparation of food, or the consumption of food thus infected. Various forms of waterborne diarrheal disease probably are the most prominent examples, and affect mainly children in developing countries; according to the World Health Organization, such diseases account for an estimated 4.1% of the total DAILY global burden of disease, and cause about 1.8 million human deaths annually. The World Health Organization estimates that 88% of that burden is attributable to unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene.[1]
The term "waterborne disease" is reserved largely for infections that predominantly are transmitted through contact with or consumption of infected water. Trivially, many infections might be transmitted by microbes or parasites that accidentally, possibly as a result of exceptional circumstances, had got into water, but the fact that there might be an occasional freak infection does not mean that it is useful to categorize the resulting disease as "waterborne". Nor is it common practice to refer diseases such as malaria as "waterborne" just because mosquitoes have aquatic phases in their life cycles, or because treating the water they inhabit happens to be an effective strategy in control of the mosquitoes that are the vectors.
Microorganisms causing diseases that characteristically are waterborne, prominently include protozoa and bacteria, many of which are intestinal parasites, or invade the tissues or circulatory system through walls of the digestive tract. Various other waterborne diseases are caused by viruses. (In spite of philosophical difficulties associated with defining viruses as "organisms", it is practical and convenient to regard them as microorganisms in this connection.) Yet other important classes of water-borne diseases are caused by metazoan parasites. Typical examples include certain Nematoda, that is to say "roundworms", and also certain members of the Schistosomatidae, a family of blood flukes. The latter usually infect victims that make skin contact with the water.

Water is a basic consumption but it has caused many life threatening and fatal incidents for many.

zondag 29 mei 2011

Circumcision Lowers Risk of HIV

Huge news in the fight against the spread of AIDS: Two studies in African countries have yielded conclusive evidence that circumcision more than halves the chances that a man will acquire an HIV infection.
Huge news in the fight against the spread of AIDS: Two studies in African countries have yielded conclusive evidence that circumcision more than halves the chances that a man will acquire an HIV infection.
AIDS experts call the findings extraordinary — as important as the initial identification of the virus and the development of life-saving treatment with drug combinations.
They predict that widespread circumcision in Africa could prevent 2 million infections and 300,000 deaths over the next 10 years. Implementation of mass circumcision, however, faces ethical and religious barriers, and too few health care workers are available to perform these numbers of safe circumcisions.
The studies, published in February in The Lancet, confirmed the results of an earlier report from South Africa which showed that circumcision reduced the risk of AIDS by 60 percent. Both studies were supported by the National Institutes of Health and were stopped early because of the strong evidence that circumcision protects against HIV.
Scientists believe that circumcision is effective because it removes tissue which contains cells that are most sensitive to infection by the HIV virus.
Circumcision presumably protects men in the U.S., as well. However, it remains critical for circumcised men to continue using condoms since circumcision does not eliminate all risk. And it is not clear whether circumcision reduces the risk that an HIV-infected man will transmit the infection to his sexual partners.

vrijdag 29 april 2011

Fight against HIV/Aids

Introduction
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is still out of control in most of sub-Saharan Africa ; in Botswana, for example, one in three adults is infected. In Asia, HIV seroprevalences in many countries have been growing steadily, Thailand being a notable exception. HIV is threatening India, in particular, although the epidemic is still in its early stages there . Measures to control the epidemic are urgently needed. Randomized trials and epidemiological studies suggest that certain interventions are effective in preventing HIV transmission or mortality, particularly those listed below.

1. Interventions focusing on high-risk individuals, such as female sex workers, in order to increase their use of condoms and encourage the adoption of other safer sex practices.
2. Treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in order to reduce the prevalence of these cofactors for HIV transmission ..
3. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission through peripartum antiretroviral treatment of mother and child, possibly followed by the avoidance of breastfeeding .
4. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), an intervention that targets morbidity and mortality but may also affect transmission — either positively by making individuals less infective or negatively by leading to higher-risk behaviour or increasing the lifespan of infected individuals.
The benefits of these interventions both in epidemics that are at an early stage or are full-scale are largely unknown. This paper reports the results obtained using mathematical models to explore the medium-term impacts of these interventions if they are sustained on a countrywide scale in a low-prevalence setting and in a mature HIV epidemic, with heterosexual spread. 
In Summary:-
  • Problem: HIV/AIDS is one of the leading killers of adults worldwide. The virus weakens the immune system and ultimately leads to death.
  • Program: Condom promotion, through education, counseling and advertising, encourages the use of condoms. Condom distribution makes condoms readily available to individuals either for free or at highly subsidized prices.
  • Track record: Condoms effectively prevent HIV transmission through sexual intercourse. The effectiveness of condom promotion and distribution programs is less clear.
  • Cost-effectiveness: Condom promotion can be highly cost-effective, estimated as preventing a case of HIV/AIDS for $550-2,240, but costs vary widely along with the specific type of program implemented.
  • Bottom line: Condom promotion and distribution is likely an effective program at preventing HIV infections, under the right conditions.
 Let us join hands,

Ozbourne

maandag 2 augustus 2010

Vitamins that play vital roles in our bodies

There is a large variety of vitamins available which can help you to stay healthy. These vitamins as well as other very important minerals are also known as micronutrients. Your body requires a steady influx of these nutrients so that your cells are able to carry out all of the biochemical reactions that are required of them. Micronutrients help you to grow properly, aid with food digestion and help you to be more alert mentally. In addition, they make your body more resistant to infectious diseases and they aid with the digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Vitamins and minerals also act as catalysts which means that they help to speed up many important chemical reactions within your body cells. Essentially then, protein, fats and carbohydrates provide you with energy, whereas, vitamins and minerals help with cellular function.

Most vitamins and minerals are not directly produced by our body. For this reason, we need to get our vitamins from the food we eat or by taking additional supplements. In the event that you become deficient in a particular vitamin or mineral over the course of time, you may end up developing a particular disease. This adverse situation can often be turned around simply by supplementing yourself with the nutrient which you are deficient in.
Boosts your energy levels and healthy lifestyle. Contains all 10 antioxidants recommended by the government. Aids your body in removing cancerous free radicals from itself. Provides protection for collagen and connective tissues. Speeds wound healing and protects against pollutants and toxins. Helps prevent cataract formation and protects against neuroligical disorders. Ingredients: Beta Carotene, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Citrus Bioflavonoids, Superoxide Dismutase, Co Q-10, Copper Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Selenium. For details,click here
Regards,
Tunnie

vrijdag 18 juni 2010

Loose weight quick

Loosing weight quick can be a challenging and ultimately rewarding experience that can help you look and feel your best. These simple weight loss tips can and will help you get started, so you can look and feel healthy and more energetic in no time. Here are some simple ways to loose weight quick.
Tip #1 Decide Why You Want To Loose Weight.
To look good? Fit back into some of your favorite clothes? To feel healthier? What ever the reasons keep these in mind at all times. Write them down and put them in a place were you can see them every day. Review them once in a while to remind yourself of the cool reasons you started this.
Tip #2 Keep a food journal
Make a Diet Journal - Write down everything you eat throughout the day no matter how small it is. This will help you stay on your diet in the long run. You can also use your journal to track your weight loss, your feelings and so much more. You can really get creative here. The main point is to write it down. It will keep you involved and motivated.
New 2010 Weight Watchers Electronic Tracker & Points Calculator.
Tip #3 Drink More Water
Drink More Water - Looking for a way to loose weight quick? then Drink more water. I know this diet tips is so basic, but it is because it flat out works. 6-8 glasses of water every day may sound like a lot, but spread out over the course of the day it isn't. Drinking water before meals will also make you seem fuller and prevent you from overeating.


  Tip #4 Don't Skip Breakfast
Always eat breakfast. This will kick-start your metabolism for the day and also help you loose weight quick. It's been slow all night so you want to give it a boost. If you don't have time in the mornings then something as simple as a banana and yoghurt will do the trick. A firm banana will provide a slow release of energy throughout the morning so you shouldn't feel the need for a mid-morning snack.
Tip #5 Consider Fruits and Vegetables
Adding additional fruit and vegetables to your diet provides you with plenty of energy giving vitamins and minerals. In addition to this, they provide extra fiber plus fluid to help speed the movement of food through your bowels. I have found Smoothies to be a great way to quickly add several servings of fresh fruit to my daily menu.










Tip #6 Learn proper portion sizes
Learn proper portion sizes. Most people do not realize what a half a cup of ice-cream looks like; therefore, when they dish up what they believe to be a 350 calorie serving, more than likely they've dished at least a cup and the calories are now 700. Not understanding portion sizes will sabotage your weight loss diet efforts. Again, food labels are your source here. Use measuring cups and count out things like crackers to see just how much you should really be eating. For portion sizes that are measured in ounces, a good rule of thumb is that a fist is about the size of a serving of meat.
Tip #7 Bring your lunch.
While it may be tempting to grab something from a fast food restaurant for a quick lunch, bringing your own lunch that is healthy and low fat is even better. Pack a healthy lunch and throw in some healthy snacks as well. If you bring raw veggies or low fat cheese with whole wheat crackers, you can snack on them between meals. A handful of almonds can be a quick pick me up when late afternoon rolls around and you start to feel fatigued.
Tip # 8 Exercise for at least 30 minutes a day
It's easy to make the excuse that you don't have time to exercise but set aside at least 30 minutes a day for some activity. Exercise can range from sports to running to yoga. There are a variety of fun and simple ways to get your exercise time in without necessarily going to the gym.
Tip #9 Choose walking over driving whenever it makes sense
When given the opportunity to walk to the store or to run errands, choose walking over driving. That extra travel time can be seen as being put towards your exercise time. This is also the environmentally friendly alternative.
Tip #10 Be realistic
If you follow the above guidelines you can eat what you want and loose weight quick.
Keep in mind once you are doing the above your weight will go down quicker than with any fad diet.
Don't starve yourself this won't help.
Crash dieting is unhealthy and the pounds soon come back on.
Stay with the above and you will soon loose weight fast and reach the weight you desire in a healthy manner. For details, Click here
Enjoy,
Tunnie

donderdag 27 mei 2010

Foods that help you loose weight

People always find many effective ways to get rid of excessive fat in the body. Numerous diet plans available now offer you a fast way achieving ideal body size. As we know, the key to get the perfect body we are always dreaming on is food choice and exercise.
When it comes to foods, you may know that certain food will increase the result of your diet. This food will stimulate the body to produce the special hormones that help decrease muscle mass and amount of fat in your body. This is the natural way to shrink fat tissue in certain parts of your body.
Natural plant foods have been known help body to burn fatter. This is because the ability of cellulose in natural plant foods smooths your digestion process. This is an easy and cheap solution for those who involve in some weight loss program.
You may wonder what kinds of natural plant food are. Actually, you can find it available in every store and buy it in lower price. These miracle foods can be described as fat burning foods, which really improve your diet plan. You can find it in fruits and vegetables. Fruits like grapefruits, lemons, oranges and other which have dark colors rich on vitamin and minerals.
Fresh fruits can improve your metabolism to burn more stored fat. In addition, it tastes more delicious than canned fruits. Vegetables such as tomatoes, carrot, asparagus, cabbage and others is really good for your health. It will help you digest foods easily and give no opportunities for body to store any fat.
Of course, you should balance your diet plan with good exercise schedule and stick on it. Exercise will speed up your result on diet. By doing simple exercise regularly like running, jogging, aerobic or simply visiting, a gym can make you burn fatter and shape your body into a lean and toned silhouette.

We know you want a better quaff.
Regards,
Tunnie

zondag 16 mei 2010

How to loose that fat fast

If you learn this today, you will loose that body fat steadly and pretty fast.
The best way to drop fat is really a mixture of workout at the same time as diet. Exercising will burn calories, and weight loss plan will reduced them. This kind of combination will assistance you not only accomplish your goals but to control and sustain your excess fat. Among the list of most challenging things about trying to eliminate weight is definitely keeping off that fat, but should you physical exercise at the same time as control your healthy eating plan you might be successful.
There are many diets on the market and some of one of the most well-liked ones are the low carb diets. What does low carb mean? It means a eating plan low in carbohydrates. These diets will enable you to eliminate a substantial amount of fat, but when you complete them it can be difficult to preserve your excess weight, and you will find the pounds slipping back.
To be able to avoid this from happening its good to couple your healthy eating plan with an exercise routine. It doesn't have to be an very rigorous 1 just enough to keep you in very good shape and avoid those pounds coming back. It truly is very good to begin your physical exercise regime whilst you are dieting to ensure your success. You possibly can then continue, even after you finish your weight loss plan.
A improved method to weight loss plan is merely to just change your eating habits permanently.
Tips on how to lose far more fat? One of the simplest tactics is to eat even more fiber rich foods. These foods will fill you up and assist your digestive program work nicely. This will result in your not being so hungry. Another excellent thing is that your metabolism will speed up when your digestive method works superior. This is one of several easiest ways to cut down weight.
You could lose fat quick and permanently with no obtaining up at 5am to run on an empty stomach, not having doing exercises 6x/week, with no feeling hungry all the time or cutting your favorite meals permanently.
You only require to follow a steps to lose fat: strength training, healthy nutrition,cardio& water Consumption. This article will give you a simple, efficient fat loss plan so you possibly can get your body fat to dream numbers while still have a life & eat normally.
Increase Your Strength.
Strength training increases cardiovascular fitness, strengthens joints & bones, builds muscle, improves flexibility,... And it also helps fat loss.
Sustain Muscle.
Far more strength is extra muscle. Strength training builds muscle and prevents muscle loss so you don't get skinny fat.
Burn Fat.
Strength training prevents your metabolic rate from going down when dieting. This means even more fat loss.
Eat Healthful.
Eat whole, unprocessed foods 90% of the time. Whole foods come as close as possible to their natural state: not having added sugars, fats, sauces,... Buy raw foods and cook them yourself.
Health proteins.
Necessary to build & maintain muscle so you don't get skinny fat. Protein also satiates and has the highest thermic effect. Eat a whole protein source with each meal: beef, poultry, fish, dairy, whey, etc
Vegetables & Some Fruits.
Fill your stomach, but usually low in calorie. Also high in fiber, water, vitamins & minerals. Eat veggies & fruits with each meal: spinach, broccoli, kale, asparagus, apples, oranges, etc.
Wholesome Fats.
Fat doesn't make you fat, bad nutrition & lack of activity do. Healthy fats assistance fat loss: they satiate and slow down digestion. Eat healthy fats with each meal: fish oil, olive oil, mixed nuts.
Taking In Carbs.
The next thing in your weight loss diet is your carbohydrates. Don't even begin to think that carbohydrates are bad for you. In fact your body requires carbohydrates just as much as water, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. Carbohydrates are essential to staying healthy and losing fat or gaining muscle.
You should get your carbohydrates from pastas, cereals, breads, fruits, and vegetables. You want to keep your scale ratio of carbohydrates, protein, and fat to a 50-35-15. Now that we have that down we can talk about our last main nutrient and that is protein. Protein is the building block for your body's growth. You should get your protein from eggs, chicken, peanuts, milk, and other dairy products. It is possible to steak too but only on occasion because your goal is to lose excess weight not gain it.
Taking In Far more Food.
Eating frequently is often a way to assistance boost your body's metabolism. Eating every 2-3 hours is really a way to tell your body that you're giving it energy and that there is no require to store anymore calories as fat. This is why skipping meals is not a sensible method to get rid of excess weight as your body will only store the fat as it waits for you to eat again.
The trick is to permit your body to make use of calories much more effectively by burning them off extra efficiently. This will not only aid with food absorption and digestion but it will also assist you preserve high energy levels throughout the day.
Eating frequently will also make you feel full and assistance keep hunger at bay. If you're not starving come meal time then you will not gorge yourself with food. You'll also snack less on rubbish in between as you will not be hungry and your body will not be demanding food.
Doing Cardio.
Cardiovascular and aerobic activities such as swimming, running, walking, jump rope, and any kind of sport is also very essential to losing fat. You want to do these about 3-4 times a week as well to keep active and healthy. Once you have started eating right and working out then you will definitely start to notice that your body weight lose goal is very possible.
Consuming Water.
Water. Thirst can make you think you're hungry. Avoid soda, alcohol and fruit juice. Drink 2 cups water with each meal and sip water during your workout. Drinking clean water will cleanse the process of toxins and remove excess water that's stored. Harmful toxins are produced by certain foods and drinks and are the things that support retain the fat around our stomach.
Drinking plenty of water will assistance flush the system of these toxins leaving you full, energized and allowing your body to lose fat around the stomach.
Well there you have a nice method to start to get rid of fat and keep it off that won't take all of your time.
Fat loss is possible with the right steps tools, Know -how and most Importantly one's own Determination to see it through. You can have highest paid personal trainer by your side, but at the end belonging to the day it truly is up to you to actually commit to losing that fat and keeping it off.

Regards,Tunnie